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Pollution
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go directly to report, PDF _ RL31411 - Controversies over Redefining “Fill Material” Under the Clean Water Act
20-Apr-2009; Claudia Copeland; 12 p.
 Update: Previous releases:
June 12, 2007
May 19, 2005
February 2, 2005
http://www.ncseonline.org/nle/crsreports/05Feb/RL31411.pdf
.... [expand]  [read report]
Abstract: On May 3, 2002, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (the Corps) announced a regulation redefining two key terms, “fill material” and “discharge of fill material,” in rules that implement Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. This report discusses the 2002 .... [expand]  [read report]
Topics: Water, Pollution, Waste Management
218 
go directly to report, PDF _ RL34548 - Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ships
24-Feb-2009; James E. McCarthy; 15 p.
 Update: Previous Editions:
August 9, 2008
.... [expand]  [read report]
Abstract: This report provides information regarding pollution from ships and port facilities; discusses some of the measures being implemented and considered by local, state, and federal regulatory agencies; discusses the efforts to ratify and to strengthen Annex VI of the International Convention for the.... [expand]  [read report]
Topics: Pollution, Air, Legislative
2134 
go directly to report, PDF _ RL33705 - Oil Spills in U.S. Coastal Waters: Background, Governance, and Issues for Congress
2-Sep-2008; Jonathan L. Ramseur; 41 p.
 Update: Previous releases:
February 5, 2008
August 23, 2007
April 24, 2007 (/NLE/CRSreports/07May/RL33705.pdf)
October 25, 2006 (/NLE/CRSreports/06Nov/RL33705.pdf)
.... [expand]  [read report]
Abstract: During the past two decades, while U.S. oil imports and consumption have steadily risen, oil spill incidents and the volume of oil spilled have not followed a similar course. In general, the annual number and volume of oil spills have shown declines — in some cases, dramatic declines. The 1989 Ex.... [expand]  [read report]
Topics: Pollution, Marine, Government
1761 
go directly to report, PDF _ RL34201 - Safe Drinking Water Act: Selected Regulatory and Legislative Issues
26-Nov-2008; Mary Tiemann ; 25 p.
 Update: Previous updates:
October 2, 2007
.... [expand]  [read report]
Abstract: Much progress has been made in assuring the quality of public water supplies since the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) was first enacted in 1974. Public water systems must meet extensive regulations, and public water system management has become a much more complex and professional endeavor. Th.... [expand]  [read report]
Topics: Water, Legislative, Pollution
1925 
go directly to report, PDF _ RS22379 - Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs): Fact Sheet on Three International Agreements
12-Jun-2008; Linda-Jo Schierow; 3 p.
 Update: Previous Editions:
June 12, 2008 January 3, 2007
March 3, 2006
.... [expand]  [read report]
Abstract: Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are chemicals that do not break down easily in the environment, tend to accumulate as they move up the food chain, and may be harmful to people and wildlife. Between 1998 and 2001, the United States signed two international treaties and one executive agreement.... [expand]  [read report]
Topics: Pollution, International
1587 
go directly to report, PDF _ RL33413 - Automobile and Light Truck Fuel Economy: The CAFE Standards
7-May-2008; Brent D. Yacobucci and Robert Bamberger; 18 p.
 Update: Previous releases:
December 3, 2007
August 16, 2007
June 1, 2007
/NLE/CRSreports/07Jun/RL33413.pdf
January 19, 2007
December 12, 2006
July 28, 2006
May 09, 2006

MOST RECENT DEVELOPMENTS:
On April 6, 2006, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administ.... [expand]  [read report]
Abstract: High crude oil and gasoline prices and wider concerns over greenhouse gas emissions and climate change have contributed to interest in reducing fossil fuel consumption. This has renewed focus on U.S. gasoline consumption in the transportation sector and federal Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAF.... [expand]  [read report]
Topics: Transportation, Pollution, Air

1637 
go directly to report, PDF _ RL32344 - Ballast Water Management to Combat Invasive Species
1-Oct-2007; Eugene H. Buck; 15 p.
 Update: Previous Releases:
October 1, 2007
June 20, 2007
October 2, 2006
http://www.ncseonline.org/nle/crsreports/06oct/RL32344.pdf
http://www.ncseonline.org/nle/crsreports/05mar/RL32344.pdf
http://www.ncseonline.org/nle/crsreports/04Apr/RL32344.pdf
.... [expand]  [read report]
Abstract: In recent years, many people have become increasingly aware that the globalization of trade, the increased speed of travel, the massive volume of cargo shipments, and rising tourism have combined to increase the chance of accidental introductions of foreign species into the United States. Aquatic.... [expand]  [read report]
Topics: Pollution, Economics & Trade, Water
250 
go directly to report, PDF _ RS21201 - Leaking Underground Storage Tanks: Prevention and Cleanup
10-Jul-2008; Mary Tiemann; 6 p.
 Update: Previous Releases:
February 10, 2008
March 15, 2007
January 3, 2007
March 14, 2006
June 2, 2006

.... [expand]  [read report]
Abstract: To address a nationwide water pollution problem caused by leaking underground storage tanks (USTs), Congress created a leak prevention, detection, and cleanup program in 1984. In 1986, Congress established the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Trust Fund to help the Environmental Protection.... [expand]  [read report]
Topics: Pollution, Waste Management, Water

1457 
go directly to report, PDF _ RS20672 - Arsenic in Drinking Water: Regulatory Developments and Issues
1-Jul-2008; Mary Tiemann; 6 p.
 Update: Previous Releases:
May 1, 2007
January 17, 2007
October 5, 2006
April 29, 2002
December 5, 2005
October 20, 2005 (www.ncseonline.org/nle/crsreports/05oct/RS20672.pdf)
http://www.NCSEonline.org/nle/crsreports/water/h2o-40.pdf
.... [expand]  [read report]
Abstract: In 2001, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated a new regulation for arsenic in drinking water, as required by 1996 Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments. The rule set the legal limit for arsenic in tap water at 10 parts per billion (ppb), replacing a 50 ppb standard set in 1975, before.... [expand]  [read report]
Topics: Waste Management, Water, Pollution
2 
go directly to report, PDF _ RL32450 - Cruise Ship Pollution: Background, Laws and Regulations, and Current Issues
1-Jul-2008; Claudia Copeland; 30 p.
 Update: Previous Releases:
May 2, 2008
February 6, 2008
June 14, 2007
October 6, 2006
May 16,2005.... [expand]  [read report]
Abstract: The cruise industry is a significant and growing contributor to the U.S. economy, providing more than $32 billion in benefits annually and generating more than 330,000 U.S. jobs, but also making the environmental impacts of its activities an issue to many. Although cruise ships represent a small .... [expand]  [read report]
Topics: Pollution, Water, International
153 
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