Water
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go directly to report, PDF _ RS20672 - Arsenic in Drinking Water: Regulatory Developments and Issues
1-Jul-2008; Mary Tiemann; 6 p.
 Update: Previous Releases:
May 1, 2007
January 17, 2007
October 5, 2006
April 29, 2002
December 5, 2005
October 20, 2005 (www.ncseonline.org/nle/crsreports/05oct/RS20672.pdf)
http://www.NCSEonline.org/nle/crsreports/water/h2o-40.pdf
.... [expand]  [read report]
Abstract: In 2001, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated a new regulation for arsenic in drinking water, as required by 1996 Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments. The rule set the legal limit for arsenic in tap water at 10 parts per billion (ppb), replacing a 50 ppb standard set in 1975, before.... [expand]  [read report]
Topics: Waste Management, Water, Pollution
2 
go directly to report, PDF _ RL32450 - Cruise Ship Pollution: Background, Laws and Regulations, and Current Issues
1-Jul-2008; Claudia Copeland; 30 p.
 Update: Previous Releases:
May 2, 2008
February 6, 2008
June 14, 2007
October 6, 2006
May 16,2005.... [expand]  [read report]
Abstract: The cruise industry is a significant and growing contributor to the U.S. economy, providing more than $32 billion in benefits annually and generating more than 330,000 U.S. jobs, but also making the environmental impacts of its activities an issue to many. Although cruise ships represent a small .... [expand]  [read report]
Topics: Pollution, Water, International
153 
go directly to report, PDF _ 97-831 - Clean Water Act and Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) of Pollutants
25-Aug-2008; Claudia Copeland; 6 p.
 Update: Previous releases:
April 6, 2007
October 25, 2006
(http://www.ncseonline.org/NLE/CRSreports/06Nov/97-831.pdf)

http://www.NCSEonline.org/nle/crsreports/97-831.pdf
http://www.NCSEonline.org/nle/crsreports/water/h2o-24.pdf
http://www.NCSEonline.org/nle/crsre.... [expand]  [read report]
Abstract: Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act requires states to identify waters that are impaired by pollution, even after application of pollution controls. For those waters, states must establish a total maximum daily load (TMDL) of pollutants to ensure that water quality standards can be attained. Im.... [expand]  [read report]
Topics: Water, Pollution, Risk & Reform
159 
go directly to report, PDF _ RL31116 - Water Infrastructure Needs and Investment: Review and Analysis of Key Issues
25-Aug-2008; Claudia Copeland and Mary Tiemann; 41 p.
 Update: Previous releases:
January 23, 2008
June 13, 2007
March 19, 2007
.... [expand]  [read report]
Abstract: Policymakers are giving increased attention to issues associated with financing and investing in the nation’s drinking water and wastewater treatment systems, which take in water, treat it, and distribute it to households and other customers, and later collect, treat, and discharge water after us.... [expand]  [read report]
Topics: Water, Natural Resources, Information
1826 
go directly to report, PDF _ 98-64 - Rural Water Supply and Sewer Systems: Background Information
25-Aug-2008; Claudia Copeland; 6 p.
 Update: Previous Releases:
January 20, 1999
.... [expand]  [read report]
Abstract: The Safe Drinking Water Act and the Clean Water Act impose requirements regarding drinking water quality and wastewater treatment in rural areas. Approximately 27% of the U.S. population lives in areas defined by the Census Bureau as rural. Many rural communities need to complete water and waste .... [expand]  [read report]
Topics: Water, Waste Management
737 
go directly to report, PDF _ 97-488 - Clean Water Act Section 401: Background and Issues
21-Aug-2008; Claudia Copeland; 6 p.
 Update: Previous releases:
March 20, 2008
April 6, 2007
December 5, 2006(/NLE/CRSreports/06Nov/97-488.pdf)
October 4, 1998
.... [expand]  [read report]
Abstract: Section 401 of the Clean Water Act requires that an applicant for a federal license or permit provide a certification that any discharges from the facility will comply with the act, including water quality standard requirements. Disputes have arisen over the states’ exercise of this authority in .... [expand]  [read report]
Topics: Water, Natural Resources, Legislative
733 
go directly to report, PDF _ RL31851 - Animal Waste and Water Quality: EPA Regulation of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs)
20-Aug-2008; Claudia Copeland; 27 p.
 Update: Previous releases:
November 28, 2007
August 31, 2007
September 21, 2006 (http://www.ncseonline.org/NLE/CRSreports/06Oct/RL31851.pdf)
April 11, 2007(http://www.ncseonline.org/NLE/CRSreports/07May/RL31851.pdf)
.... [expand]  [read report]
Abstract: According to the Environmental Protection Agency, the release of waste from animal feedlots to surface water, groundwater, soil, and air is associated with a range of human health and ecological impacts and contributes to degradation of the nation’s surface waters. The most dramatic ecological im.... [expand]  [read report]
Topics: Water, Waste Management, Pollution
1746 
go directly to report, PDF _ 96-647 - Water Infrastructure Financing: History of EPA Appropriations
19-Aug-2008; Claudia Copeland; 34 p.
 Update: Previous releases:
November 1, 2005
January 19, 2006
February 21, 2007
/nle/crsreports/03jun/96-647.pdf
/nle/crsreports/02Dec/96-647.pdf
http://www.NCSEonline.org/nle/crsreports/water/h2o-35.pdf http://www.NCSEonline.org/nle/crsreports/watere/h2o-35.cfm.... [expand]  [read report]
Abstract: The principal federal program to aid municipal wastewater treatment plant construction is authorized in the Clean Water Act (CWA). Established as a grant program in 1972, it now capitalizes state loan programs. Authorizations since 1972 have totaled $65 billion, while appropriations have totaled $77.... [expand]  [read report]
Topics: Water, Federal Agencies, Pollution
1405 
go directly to report, PDF _ RL32201 - Water Infrastructure Project Earmarks in EPA Appropriations: Trends and Policy Implications
19-Aug-2008; Claudia Copeland; 15 p.
 Update: Previous releases:
April 10, 2007
December 13, 2006
(www.NCSEonline.org/NLE/CRSreports/07Jan/RL32201.pdf)
May 25, 2006
January 19, 2006
.... [expand]  [read report]
Abstract: Congressional action to designate funds within appropriations legislation for specified projects or locations has been increasing in recent years as a way to help communities meet needs to build and upgrade water infrastructure systems, whose estimated future funding needs exceed $485 billion. Su.... [expand]  [read report]
Topics: Water, Federal Agencies, Information
1412 
go directly to report, PDF _ RL31073 - Allocation of Wastewater Treatment Assistance: Formula and Other Changes
19-Aug-2008; Claudia Copeland; 17 p.
 Update: Previous Releases:
March 9, 2007
May 19, 2005
February 7, 2005
.... [expand]  [read report]
Abstract: Congress established the statutory formula governing distribution of financial aid for municipal wastewater treatment in the Clean Water Act (CWA) in 1972. Since then, Congress has modified the formula and incorporated other eligibility changes five times. Federal funds are provided to states thr.... [expand]  [read report]
Topics: Water, Legislative
216 
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