Appendix C.

Selected Oceans and Coastal Resources Statutes ⁴⁰

Marine and Coastal Resources

• Anadromous Fish Conservation Act (1965)
  Authorizes programs to conserve, develop and enhance federal anadromous fisheries resources.
• Atlantic Striped Bass Conservation Act (1984)
  Authorizes programs for the conservation and management of Atlantic striped bass.
• Coastal Barrier Resources Act
  Prohibits development of barrier islands within the Coastal Barrier Resource system to conserve fish, wildlife and other natural resources in those areas.
• The Coastal Barrier Improvement Act of 1990
  Amends the Coastal Barrier Resources Act of 1986, which established the Coastal Barrier Resources System consisting of undeveloped coastal barriers and other areas located on the coasts of the United States.
• The Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972
  Makes federal funds available to encourage states to develop comprehensive management programs in an effort to increase the effective management, beneficial use, protection and development of the coastal zone.
• Driftnet Impact Monitoring, Assessment and Control Act of 1987
  Directs the government to assess and minimize the adverse effects of driftnets in the North Pacific ocean on marine resources.
• Fish and Wildlife Act (1956)
  Establishes a comprehensive national fish and wildlife policy to develop measures for maximum sustainable yield to insure stability of domestic fisheries.
  Provides for agency consultation with the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) whenever the "waters of any stream or other body of water are to be impounded, directed or otherwise controlled".
• Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act ("Non-game Act")
  Requires the Fish and Wildlife Service to monitor and assess non-game migratory birds and to identify those like]y to be candidates for listing as endangered species.
• Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (1934)
  Authorizes FWS and National Marine Fisheries Service to assist federal, state and other agencies in developing, protecting, rearing and stocking fish and wildlife on federal lands.
• Fisherman's Protective Act ("Pelly Amendment") of 1967
  Ensures that foreign fishing activities are in accordance with international fishery conservation program, and activities do not affect endangered/threatened species.
• Fur Seal Act Amendments of 1983
  Prohibits taking of fur seals, with exception of subsistence harvest by Alaska Natives.
• Lacey Act Amendments of 1981
  Prohibits commerce of fish and wildlife in violation of federal, state and international laws.
• Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act (1976)
  Conserves and manages fishery resources within the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) for maximum sustainable yield. Creates eight regional fishery management councils to prepare fishery management plans for their respective regions.
• Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, and Amendments of 1988
  Provides for long-term management, research, conservation and recovery programs for marine mammals.
  Establishes a moratorium on the taking and importing of marine mammals and marine mammal products.
• Shore Protection Act of 1988
  Requires vessels to protect coastal areas from disposal of solid waste.
• Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (1953) and Amendments of 1978 and 1985
  Regulates offshore oil, gas and mineral leasing.
  Requires compliance with natural resource protection programs from damages associated with oil, gas and mineral development activities.
• Saltonstall - Kennedy Act (1939)
  Establishes fisheries research and development fund.
• South Pacific Tuna Act of 1988
  Regulates tuna harvest by U.S. flag vessels within the Exclusive Economic Zones of Pacific Island Parties.

Marine Pollution Control

• National Ocean Pollution Planning Act, 1978
  Establishes a comprehensive five-year plan for federal ocean pollution research and development and monitoring programs, and coordinates research of the Great Lakes and estuaries of national importance.
  Develops an information base for use in conservation, equitable distribution and development of ocean and coastal resources.
• The Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships (1980)
  Implements international agreement t1Convention for the Prevention of Pollution by Ships" (MARPOL Annexes I-v)
  Prevents pollution from ships by the discharge of harmful substances or effluent.
• Oil Pollution Act of 1990
  Increases and extends civil and criminal liability limits for the cleanup of oil spilled from vessels.
  Requires better planning and preparedness and measures to increase navigation safety, new standards for vessel construction, crew licensing and manning of vessels.
• Marine Pollution and Research and Control Act, 1989
  Implements the provisions of MARPOL Annex V.
  Prohibits the disposal of plastics at sea by any vessel within the U.S. EEZ.
• Ocean Dumping Ban Act (ODBA) of 1988
  Prohibits issuance of new permits for dumping of sewage sludge or industrial wastes into ocean waters; existing sewage sludge or industrial waste dumping (existing permittees) under compliance schedules/enforcement agreements to phase out dumping activities. Statutory deadline December 31, 1991.
• Columbia River Basin Fishery Development Program ("The Mitchell Act") (1938)
  Establishes cultural stations and funds programs to facilitate conservation of Columbia River fishery resources.
• Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act (Title 1,  11, and 111)
  Prohibits ocean dumping of wastes generated on land.
  Authorizes designation of marine sanctuaries. (Eight National Marine Sanctuaries currently are designated; seven more are proposed).

40 Source. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. United States of America National Report. pp.407-409.

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