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RL30199: Budget FY2000: A Chronology with Internet AccessSusan E. WatkinsSenior Research Librarian
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| FY2000 Budget Resolutions, Reports, and Votes | Conference Report | Public Law President does not sign budget resolutions. |
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| House | Senate | House Vote |
Senate Vote |
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| House agrees to conference report on H.Con.Res. 68 by a
vote of 220-208, H.Vote 85, CR, 4/14/99, p. H1995-6 See below. |
Senate agrees to conference report on H.Con.Res. 68 by a
vote of 54-44, S.Vote 86, CR, 4/15/99, p. S3756 See below. |
220-208, H.Vote 85 | 54-44, S.Vote 86 | X |
Congressional Legislative Action
07/16/99 -- Senate rejects cloture motion to bring to a close debate on amendment 297 to S. 557, Budget Process Reform Bill, by a vote of 52-43 (three-fifths of the Senators did not vote in the affirmative, as required). CR, 7/16/99, S. Vote 211, p. S8706.
07/01/99 -- Senate confirms the nomination of Lawrence H. Summers to be Secretary of the Treasury by a vote of 97-2. CR, 7/1/99, S. Vote 195 Ex., p. S8010.
06/24/99 -- House Committee on Appropriations report (adverse) on H.R. 853, Comprehensive Budget Process Reform Act of 1999, is submitted (H.Rept. 106-198, Part I). CR, 6/24/99, p. H 4910.
06/23/99 -- House Committee on Rules orders reported as amended H.R. 853, Comprehensive Budget Process Reform Act of 1999. CR, 6/23/99, p. D718.
06/22/99 -- House Committee on Appropriations orders reported H.R. 853, Comprehensive Budget Process Reform Act of 1999. CR, 6/22/99, p. D706.
06/21/99 -- Senate insists on its amendments to H.R. 1664, providing emergency authority for guarantees of loans to qualified steel and iron ore companies and to qualified oil and gas companies (as passed by the Senate on Friday, June 18, 1999), and requests a conference with the House. The Chair, as authorized, appoints the following conferees on the part of the Senate: Senators Bennett, Bond, Burns, Byrd, Campbell, Cochran, Craig, Domenici, Dorgan, Durbin, Feinstein, Gorton, Gregg, Harkin, Hollings, Hutchison, Inouye, Kohl, Kyl, Lautenberg, Leahy, McConnell, Mikulski, Murray, Reid, Shelby, Specter, and Stevens. CR, 6/21/99, p. S7371.
06/18/99 -- Senate passes H.R. 1664, Kosovo and Southwest Asia Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999, as amended, by a vote of 63-34. CR, 6/18/99, S. Vote 176, p. S7248-9.
06/17/99 -- House Committee on the Budget orders reported as amended H.R. 853, Comprehensive Budget Process Reform Act of 1999. CR, 6/17/99, p. D684.
Also see CRS Report RL30236 (pdf), H.R. 853, The Comprehensive Budget Process Reform Act: Summary of Provisions, by James V. Saturno.
06/15/99 -- Senate passes cloture motion on motion to proceed to consideration of H.R. 1664, Kosovo and Southwest Asia Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999, by a vote of 71-28. CR, 6/15/99, S. Vote 167, p. S7004.
-- Senate rejects cloture motion to bring to a close debate on amendment 297 to S. 557, Budget Process Reform Bill, by a vote of 53-46 (three-fifths of the Senators did not vote in the affirmative, as required). CR, 6/15/99, S.Vote 166, p. S6999.
06/10/99 -- Motion to proceed to consideration of H.R. 1664, Kosovo and Southwest Asia Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999, considered and then withdrawn in Senate. CR, 6/10/99, p. S6913-4.
05/26/99 -- Test of Explanatory Statement of the Recommendations of the Senate Committee on Appropriations on H.R. 1664, Kosovo and Southwest Asia Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999. CR, 5/26/99, p. S6042-3.
05/25/99 -- Listing of new public laws includes H.R. 1141, 1999 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, which was signed on May 21, 1999 (P.L. 106-31). CR, 5/25/99, p. D586.
-- Senate Committee on Appropriations submits report (without written report) to Senate on H.R. 1664, Kosovo and Southwest Asia Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999. CR, 5/25/99, p. S5952-3.
-- Senate Committee on Appropriations orders favorably reported H.R. 1664, Kosovo and Southwest Asia Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999, with amendments. CR, 5/25/99, p. D581.
05/21/99 -- H.R. 1141, 1999 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, presented to the President for signature. CR, 5/24/99, p. H3501. See Presidential Action and Documents (see page 16, 17) for information on 5/21/99 Presidential signing of H.R. 1141.
05/20/99 -- Enrolled measure H.R. 1141, 1999 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, is signed in the Senate. CR, 5/20/99, p. S5736.
-- Enrolled measure H.R. 1141, 1999 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, is signed in the House. CR, 5/20/99, p. H3458.
-- Senate agrees to conference report on H.R. 1141, 1999 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, by a vote of 64-36. CR, 5/20/99, S.Vote 136, p. S5682.
05/18/99 --House agrees to conference report on H.R. 1141, 1999 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, by a vote of 269-158. CR, 5/18/99, H.Vote 133, p. H3269.
See also CRS Report RL30083, Supplemental Appropriations for FY1999: Central America Disaster Aid, Middle East Peace, and Other Initiatives, by Larry Nowels.
05/17/99 -- House Committee on Rules grants by voice vote a rule waiving all points of order against the conference report to accompany H.R. 1141, 1999 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, and against its consideration. The rule provides that the conference report shall be considered as read. CR, 5/17/99, p. D540.
05/14/99 -- Conference report on H.R. 1141, 1999 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, is filed in the House (H.Rept. 106-143). CR, 5/14/99, p. H3175. Text of H.Rept. 106-143 in CR, 5/14/99, p. H3175-3202.
05/13/99 -- Conferees agree to file a conference report on the differences between Senate- and House-passed versions of H.R. 1141, 1999 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act. CR, 5/14/99, p. D533-4.
05/06/99 -- H.R. 1664, Kosovo and Southwest Asia Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999, is received in Senate, read twice, and referred to Committee on Appropriations. CR, 5/6/99, p. S4886.
-- House passes H.R. 1664, Kosovo and Southwest Asia Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999, by a vote of 311-105. CR, 5/6/99, H.Vote 120, p. H2895.
-- House agrees to H.Res. 159, the rule providing for consideration of H.R. 1664, Kosovo and Southwest Asia Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999, by a vote of 253-171. CR, 5/6/99, H.Vote 116, p. H2823.
05/05/99 -- House Committee on Rules report on H.Res. 159, providing for consideration of H.R. 1664, Kosovo and Southwest Asia Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999, is submitted (H.Rept. 106-127) and referred to the House Calendar. CR, 5/5/99, p. H2809.
-- House Committee on Rules grants by voice vote an open rule providing one hour of general debate on H.R. 1664, Kosovo and Southwest Asia Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999, to be equally divided between the chairman and ranking minority member of the Committee on Appropriations. CR, 5/5/99, p. D487.
05/04/99 -- House Committee on Appropriations report on H.R. 1664, Kosovo and Southwest Asia Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999, is submitted (H.Rept. 106-125) and referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. CR, 5/4/99, p. H2634.
-- H.R. 1664, Kosovo and Southwest Asia Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999, is introduced by Representative C. Young. CR, 5/4/99, p. H2635.
04/30/99 -- Senate rejects cloture motion to bring to a close debate on amendment 255 to S. 557, Budget Process Reform Bill, by a vote of 49-44 (three-fifths of the Senators did not vote in the affirmative, as required). CR, 4/30/99, S.Vote 96, p. S4481-2.
04/29/99 -- House Committee on Appropriations orders reported the Emergency Kosovo Supplemental Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1999. CR, 4/29/99, p. D459.
Also see CRS Report RS20182 (pdf), Suspension of Budget Enforcement Procedures During Hostilities Abroad, by Robert Keith.
04/22/99 -- Senate rejects cloture motion to bring to a close debate on amendment 254 to S. 557, Budget Process Reform Bill, by a vote of 54-45 (three-fifths of the Senators did not vote in the affirmative, as required). CR, 4/22/99, S. Vote 90, p. S4092.
-- House does not agree to Senate amendment to H.R. 1141, 1999 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, and agrees to a conference. CR, 4/22/99, p. H2277.
-- Motion to instruct House conferees on H.R. 1141, 1999 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, passes House by a vote of 414-0. CR, 4/22/99, H. Vote 96, p. H2282.
-- House appoints the following conferees on H.R. 1141, 1999 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act: Representatives Callahan, Dicks, Hobson, Hoyer, Kaptur, Kolbe, Jerry Lewis, Mollohan, Murtha, Obey, Packard, Pastor, Pelosi, Porter, Regula, Rogers, Sabo, Serrano, Skeen, C. Taylor, Walsh, Wolf, and C.Young. CR, 4/22/99, p. H2282.
04/15/99 -- Senate agrees to conference report on H.Con.Res. 68, Congressional Budget Resolution, by a vote of 54-44. CR, 4/15/99, S.Vote 86, p. S3756.
04/14/99 -- House agrees to conference report on H.Con.Res. 68, Congressional Budget Resolution, by a vote of 220-208. CR, 4/14/99, H.Vote 85, p. H1995-6.
-- By 221-205 vote, H.Res. 137, the rule which waived all points of order against the conference report on H.Con.Res. 68, Congressional Budget Resolution, is agreed to. CR, 4/14/99, H.Vote 84, p. H1985.
-- Unanimous consent agreement in Senate to consider conference report on H.Con.Res. 68, Congressional Budget Resolution. CR, 4/14/99, p. S 3724.
-- Conference report on H.Con.Res. 68, Congressional Budget Resolution, is submitted in the Senate. CR, 4/14/99, p. S3676.
-- Joint meeting of congressional budget conferees on Tuesday, April 13, agrees to file a conference report on H.Con.Res. 68, Congressional Budget Resolution. CR, 4/14/99, p. D386.
04/13/99 -- A privileged report on H.Res. 137, waiving points of order against consideration of the conference report to accompany H.Con.Res. 68, Congressional Budget Resolution, is submitted and referred to the House Calendar and is ordered to be printed (H.Rept. 106-92). CR, 4/13/99, p. H1970.
-- Conference report on H.Con.Res. 68, Congressional Budget Resolution, is submitted in the House (H.Rept. 106-91). CR, 4/13/99, p. H1936. Text of H.Rept. 106-91 in CR, 4/13/99, p. H1936-68.
-- House Committee on Rules grants by voice vote a rule waiving all points of order against the conference report on H.Con.Res. 68, Congressional Budget Resolution, and against its consideration. CR, 4/13/99, p. D377.
-- Conferees for conference on H.Con.Res. 68, Congressional Budget Resolution, appointed by the Chair on the part of the Senate are Senators Boxer, Conrad, Domenici, Gorton, Gramm, Grassley, Lautenberg, Murray, and Nickles. CR, 4/13/99, p. S3628.
04/12/99 -- Conferees for conference on H.Con.Res. 68, Congressional Budget Resolution, appointed from the House Committee on the Budget are Chairman Kasich and Representatives Chambliss, McDermott, Shays, and Spratt. CR, 4/12/99, p. H1833.
-- House disagrees with Senate amendment to H.Con.Res. 68, Congressional Budget Resolution, and agrees to a conference. CR, 4/12/99, p. H1823-31.
03/25/99 -- Pursuant to the order of 3/18/99, Senate passes H.R. 1141, 1999 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, after striking all after the enacting clause and inserting the text of S. 544, Senate companion measure, as passed by the Senate on 3/23/99. Senate insists on its amendment, requests a conference with the House, and the Chair, as authorized, appoints the following conferees on the part of the Senate: Senators Bennett, Bond, Burns, Byrd, Campbell, Cochran, Craig, Domenici, Dorgan, Durbin, Feinstein, Gorton, Gregg, Harkin, Hollings, Hutchison, Inouye, Kohl, Kyl, Lautenberg, Leahy, McConnell, Mikulski, Murray, Reid, Shelby, Specter, and Stevens. Subsequently, S. 544 is placed back on the Senate calendar. CR, 3/25/99, p. S3327.
-- By a 55-44 vote, Senate agrees to H.Con.Res. 68, Congressional Budget Resolution, after striking all after the resolving clause and inserting the text of S.Con.Res. 20, Senate companion measure, as amended. Senate insists on its amendment and requests a conference with the House. Subsequently, S.Con.Res. 20 is placed back on the Senate Calendar. CR, 3/25/99, S.Vote 81, p. S3432.
-- House agrees to H.Con.Res. 68, Congressional Budget Resolution, by a vote of 221-208. CR, 3/25/99, H.Vote 77, p. H1780.
Amendments Rejected
-- Spratt Amendment #HA42 fails in the House by vote of 173-250. CR, 3/25/99, H.Vote 76, p. H1778.
-- Minge Amendment (Blue Dog Coalition) #HA41 fails in the House by vote of 134-295. CR, 3/25/99, H.Vote 75, p. H1765.
-- Coburn Amendment #HA40 fails in the House by vote of 2-426. CR, 3/25/99, H.Vote 74, p. H1755-56.
03/24/99 -- Unanimous consent agreement in Senate to consider S.Con.Res. 20, Congressional Budget Resolution, on March 25, 1999. CR, 3/24/99, p. S3224.
-- House passes H.R. 1141, 1999 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, by a vote of 220-211. CR, 3/24/99, H.Vote 70, p. H1660.
-- House Committee on Rules report on H.Res. 131 providing for consideration of H.Con.Res. 68, Congressional Budget Resolution, is submitted (H.Rept. 106-77). CR, 3/24/99, p. H1694.
03/23/99 -- Senate passes S. 544, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 1999, by voice vote. CR, 3/23/99, p. S3109.
-- House Committee on the Budget report on H.Con.Res. 68, Congressional Budget Resolution, is submitted (H.Rept. 106-73). CR, 3/23/99, p. H1594.
03/19/99 -- Senate Committee on the Budget report on S.Con.Res. 20, Congressional Budget Resolution, is submitted (S.Rept. 106-27). CR, 3/19/99, p. S2999. S.Con.Res. 20 is read and placed on the calendar. CR, 3/19/99, p. S3000.
03/18/99 -- Senate Committee on the Budget orders favorably reported an original concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the U.S. government for fiscal years 2000 through 2009. CR, 3/18/99, p. D302.
03/17/99 -- House Committee on the Budget orders reported the Fiscal Year 2000 Budget resolution. CR, 3/17/99, p. D294.
-- House Committee on Appropriations orders reported to House from the Committee H.R. 1141, 1999 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act. (H.Rept. 106-64). CR, 3/17/99, p. H1405.
03/15/99 -- Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs report on S. 557, Budget Process Reform Bill, is submitted (S.Rept. 106-14). CR, 3/15/99, p. S2648.
03/10/99 -- Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs report on S. 92, Biennial Budgeting and Appropriations Act, is submitted (S.Rept. 106-12). CR, 3/10/99, p. S2503. (Senate Committee on the Budget discharges S. 92 on April 12, 1999, pursuant to the order of August 4, 1977.)
03/08/99 -- Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs orders Budget Process Reform Bill to be reported as an original measure without a written report. S. 557, Budget Process Reform Bill, is placed on the calendar. CR, 3/8/99, p. S2411.
03/04/99 -- Senate Committee on Appropriations orders reported to Senate from the Committee an original bill, S. 544, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 1999. (S.Rept. 106-8). CR, 3/4/99, p. S2273.
Also see CRS Report RL30083, Supplemental Appropriations for FY1999: Central America Disaster Aid, Middle East Peace, and Other Initiatives, by Larry Nowels and CRS Report RS20161, Kosovo Military Operations: Costs and Congressional Action on Funding, by Stephen Daggett.
Also see Statement of Administration Policy (SAP) on S. 544 at:
http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/legislative/sap/index.html
Also see Statements of Administration Policy (SAP) on H.R. 1141 at:
http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/legislative/sap/index.html
-- Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs orders reported S. 92, Biennial Budgeting and Appropriations Act, with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. CR, 3/4/99, p. D216.
02/25/99 -- Representative Nussle introduces H.R. 853, Comprehensive Budget Process Reform Act of 1999, which is referred to the Committee on the Budget, and in addition to the Committees on Rules, and Appropriations, for a period to be determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned. CR, 2/25/99, p. H814.
02/04/99 -- The Chair announces that the Speaker and the President pro tempore of the Senate on Wednesday, 2/3/99, appointed Dan L. Crippen as Director of the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), effective 2/3/99 for the term expiring on 1/3/03. CR, 2/4/99, p. H422.
For more information on CBO, see http://www.cbo.gov/about.shtml. Also see CRS Report RS20078 (pdf), Congressional Budget Office: Appointment and Tenure of the Director, by Robert Keith and Mary Frances Bley.
01/19/99 -- Senator Domenici introduces S. 92, Biennial Budgeting and Appropriations Act, and S. 93, Budget Enforcement Act of 1999, which are read twice and referred jointly to the Committee on the Budget and to the Committee on Governmental Affairs pursuant to the order of August 4, 1977, with instructions that if one Committee reports, the other Committee has 30 days to report or be discharged. CR, 1/19/99, p. S340.
01/06/99 -- House passes H.Res. 5, A Resolution Adopting Rules for the One Hundred Sixth Congress in Recodified Form, by a vote of 217-204. CR, 1/6/99, H.Vote 5, p. H206. Text and debate: H6-H207. Rule XXVIII, General Provisions, Sec. 2 Separate Orders, p. H34, contains information on budget enforcement and also, tenure on the Budget Committee.
Also see CRS Report RL30044, Proposed Budget Process Reforms in the Senate: A Brief Analysis of Senate Resolutions 4, 5, 6, and 8, by James V. Saturno.
Congressional Documents
07/21/99 -- Testimony of CBO Director Dan L. Crippen on the Mid-Session Review of the Fiscal Year 2000 Budget before the Senate Budget Committee. Hearing is cancelled, but the prepared testimony is released.
HTML: http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1447&sequence=0&from=7
PDF: http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1447&type=1
07/01/99 -- CBO releases The Economic And Budget Outlook: An Update. "The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates that the total budget surplus will jump from $69 billion in fiscal year 1998 to $120 billion in 1999 and $161 billion in 2000."
HTML: http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1386&sequence=0&from=7
PDF: http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1386&type=1
06/14/99 -- CBO releases Emergency Spending Under the Budget Enforcement Act: An Update.
HTML: http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1327&sequence=0&from=7
PDF: http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1327&type=1
05/20/99 -- Statement of CBO Director Dan L. Crippen on H.R. 853, the Comprehensive Budget Process Reform Act of 1999, before the House Budget Committee.
HTML: http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1276&from=3&sequence=0
PDF: http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1276&type=1
05/17/99 -- Trends in Public Infrastructure Spending released by CBO. "This Congressional Budget Office (CBO) paper highlights trends in public spending for infrastructure over the past 42 years. The analysis of those trends is based on data supplied by the Office of Management and Budget, the Bureau of the Census, and CBO's Budget Analysis Division. The paper uses the same eight categories of infrastructure discussed in CBO's 1992, 1993, and 1995 papers on infrastructure spending: highways, mass transit, rail, aviation, water transportation, water resources, water supply, and wastewater treatment facilities."
HTML: http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1256&sequence=0&from=5
PDF: http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1256&type=1
05/12/99 -- Statement of CBO Director Dan L. Crippen on H.R. 853, the Comprehensive Budget Process Reform Act of 1999, before the House Rules Committee.
HTML: http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1253&sequence=0&from=7
PDF: http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1253&type=1
05/07/99 -- Monthly Budget Review statement on 1999 budget surplus released by Congressional Budget Office (CBO). "Fiscal year 1999 revenues through April are very close to CBO's expectations, and outlays for a number of programs are slightly lower than anticipated. In particular, spending for Medicare remains below last year's level. CBO is not revising its projection of the 1999 surplus ($111 billion) at this time. But if current trends continue, it is unlikely to lower that estimate and may increase the estimate slightly when it issues a new forecast on July 1."
HTML: http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1248&sequence=0&from=7
PDF: http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1248&type=1
04/29/99 -- Maintaining Budgetary Discipline: Spending and Revenue Options released by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO). "This volume compiles 250 specific policy options for reducing federal spending or increasing revenues in a wide variety of programs. Prepared at the request of the House and Senate Budget Committees, it is intended to help policymakers maintain budgetary discipline and accomplish related policy goals. The report is similar to the compendiums of policy options for reducing the deficit that the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) prepared from 1980 to 1997."
HTML: http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1222&sequence=0&from=7
PDF: http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1222&type=1
04/16/99 -- Budget Issues: Budgetary Implications of Selected GAO Work for Fiscal Year 2000 (OCG-99-26) released by General Accounting Office (GAO). "This report identifies in a single document the budgetary implications of selected program reforms discussed in our work but not yet implemented or enacted. This report is part of a special biennial series designed to help each new Congress identify options that could be used to reduce federal spending or increase revenues. Where available, budgetary savings estimates provided by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) or the Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT) are presented for each of the options. This report contains over 100 options."
PDF and ASCII TEXT: http://www.gao.gov/new.items/newtitle.htm
-- An Analysis of the President's Budgetary Proposals for Fiscal Year 2000 released by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO). "CBO estimates that the Administration's budget--including both the basic policies and the Social Security framework--would reduce projected surpluses by $53 billion in 2000 and a total of $436 billion through 2004 ... Under its basic policies, the Administration would increase discretionary spending above the levels allowed by the current statutory caps on such spending. It would pay for that increase by raising revenues and cutting mandatory spending. CBO estimates, however, that the increase in discretionary spending would be only partly offset by the higher revenues and lower mandatory spending. In 2000, the basic policies would reduce the surplus by $20 billion compared with CBO's current-policy projections ... Over the 2000-2004 period, the Administration's basic policies would reduce the projected surpluses by a cumulative total of $73 billion."
HTML: http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1209&sequence=0&from=7
PDF: http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1209&type=1
04/12/99 -- Performance Budgeting: Initial Experiences Under the Results Act in Linking Plans With Budgets (AIMD/GGD-99-67) released by General Accounting Office (GAO). " ... In their first Results Act performance plans, agencies experimented with a variety of approaches to connect budget requests with anticipated results. Although most agencies reviewed (30 of 35) defined some type of relationship between the program activities of their proposed budgets and the performance goals of their plans, far fewer (14 or 40 percent of the plans reviewed) translated these relationships into budgetary terms -- that is, most plans did not explain how funding would be allocated to achieve performance goals. Such allocations are a critical first step in defining the performance consequences of budgetary decisions ..."
PDF and ASCII TEXT: http://www.gao.gov/new.items/newtitle.htm
02/23/99 -- Monetary Policy Testimony and Report to the Congress (also known as Humphrey-Hawkins). Federal Reserve Board Chairman Alan Greenspan before the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. "The impressive performance of the private sector was reflected in a continued improvement in the federal budget. Burgeoning receipts, along with continuing restraint on federal spending, produced the first unified budget surplus in thirty years, allowing the Treasury to begin to pay down the federal debt held by the public."
HTML: http://www.bog.frb.fed.us/boarddocs/hh/1999/February/fullreport.htm
PDF: http://www.bog.frb.fed.us/boarddocs/hh/1999/February/FullReport.pdf
02/22/99 -- Description of Revenue Provisions Contained in the President's Fiscal Year 2000 Budget Proposal (Committee Print JCS-1-99) released by the Joint Committee on Taxation.
HTML and PDF: http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/joint/hjoint01cp106.html
02/11/99 -- The Lame Duck Budget: The Clinton Budget for Fiscal Year 2000 released by the Majority Caucus of the House Budget Committee.
PDF: http://www.house.gov/budget/FY00Budget/main.pdf
02/04/99 -- A Summary of President Clinton's Fiscal Year 2000 Budget released by the Democratic Caucus of the House Budget Committee.
HTML: http://www.house.gov/budget_democrats/summary/contents.htm
PDF: http://www.house.gov/budget_democrats/summary/pres00.pdf
02/03/99 -- Treasury Secretary Robert Rubin Testimony before the Senate Budget Committee on the President's FY2000 Budget.
HTML: http://www.treas.gov/press/releases/pr2926.htm
01/29/99 -- CBO releases the Economic and Budget Outlook: Fiscal Years 2000-2009. "Total federal revenues exceeded spending in fiscal year 1998 by $70 billion, producing the first surplus in almost 30 years. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates that under current law, the total budget surplus will reach $107 billion in 1999 and $131 billion in 2000 ... When the off-budget spending and revenues of Social Security and the Postal Service are excluded, however, the remaining on-budget transactions show a deficit in those years--$19 billion in 1999 and $7 billion in 2000. But CBO projects that those on-budget deficits will give way to on-budget surpluses in 2001 and succeeding years as the total budget surplus climbs to $381 billion in 2009."
HTML: http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1059&sequence=0&from=7
PDF: http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1059&type=1
01/27/99 -- CBO releases Sequestration Preview Report for Fiscal Year 2000.
"The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates that the statutory limits on discretionary spending detailed in this sequestration report would require the Congress and the President to enact lower levels of discretionary spending for fiscal year 2000 than they did for 1999. However, they could increase mandatory spending or reduce revenues by nearly $3 billion in 2000 without triggering a pay-as-you-go sequestration ... The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) estimates whether a sequestration is required to eliminate a breach of the discretionary spending caps. CBO's estimates are merely advisory."
HTML: http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1060&sequence=0&from=7
PDF: http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1060&type=1
01/08/99 -- CBO releases Unauthorized Appropriations and Expiring Authorizations. "The purpose of the report is to help the Congress adopt authorizing legislation that should be in place before it considers the 13 regular appropriation bills for fiscal year 2000 (which begins October 1, 1999)."
HTML: http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1057&sequence=0&from=7
PDF: http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1057&type=1
12/10/98 -- CBO releases Emergency Spending Under the Budget Enforcement Act.
HTML: http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1050&sequence=0&from=7
PDF: http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1050&type=1
"CBO was asked to review the current budgetary treatment of emergency spending, highlight recent trends in emergency appropriations, and discuss various options for changing the way policymakers budget for emergencies."
FY2000 Department Budgets and Performance Plans
In addition to the specific department budget sites below, the following may also be helpful:
http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/budget/index.html
http://www.govexec.com/reinvent/results/plans.htm
http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/legislative/agencycomm.html
http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/legislative/sap/index.html
http://www.house.gov/house/CommitteeWWW.html
http://www.senate.gov/committees/index.cfm
http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/appprogs.html
FY2000 Budgets of the cabinet departments and agencies can be found at the following sites:
Agriculture http://www.usda.gov/agency/obpa/Budget-Summary/2000/text.html
Commerce http://www.doc.gov/bmi/budget/bgtindex.htm
Defense http://www.dtic.mil/comptroller/FY2000budget/
Education http://www.ed.gov/offices/OUS/Budget00/
Energy http://www.cfo.doe.gov/budget/00budget/index.htm
Health and Human Services (HHS)
http://www.hhs.gov/progorg/asmb/budget/fy2000.html
Housing and Urban Development (HUD)http://www.hud.gov/budget.html
Interior http://www.doi.gov/budget/2000/index_for_2000.html
Justice http://www.usdoj.gov/02organizations/02_3txt.html
Labor http://www.dol.gov/dol/_sec/public/budget/main.htm
State http://www.state.gov/www/budget/
Transportation http://ostpxweb.dot.gov/budget/4budget.htm
Treasury http://www.ustreas.gov/budget/00webbib.pdf
Veterans Affairs http://www.va.gov/pressrel/99bdgt.htm
Presidential Action and Documents
06/28/99 -- Mid-Session Review released by Office of Management and Budget (OMB). "The Administration now projects that the overall surplus for 1999 will be $99 billion, the largest surplus ever in dollar terms, and the largest as a percentage of GDP since 1951. The projections in this Review show the surplus growing to $142 billion in fiscal year 2000." PDF: http://www.access.gpo.gov/usbudget/
-- President Clinton's Remarks on the Budget Surplus released.
http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/New/html/19990628.html
05/25/99 -- The Office of the Federal Register assigns public law number P.L. 106-31, 113 Stat. 57, to H.R. 1141, 1999 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act.
05/21/99 -- President Clinton signs H.R. 1141, 1999 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act.
02/03/99 -- Treasury Secretary Robert Rubin Testimony before the Senate Budget Committee on the President's FY2000 Budget.
HTML: http://www.treas.gov/press/releases/pr2926.htm
2/04/99 -- 1999 Economic Report of the President released. Message
from the President, CR, 2/04/99, p. S1254-55. GPO S/N is 040-000-00716-4, $19.
Internet access to the document is available through:
http://www.access.gpo.gov/usbudget/fy2000/maindown.html.
02/01/99 -- President's FY2000 Budget Documents released. For a description of and access to the budget documents, supporting documents and spreadsheet files, go to: http://www.gpo.gov/usbudget
To search across budget documents on the Internet, go to:
http://www.gpo.gov/omb/omb005.html
Analytical Perspectives, FY2000, S/N 041-001-00513-7, $46
Budget of the U.S. Government--Appendix, FY2000, S/N 041-001-00512-9, $62
Budget of the U.S. Government, FY2000, S/N 041-001-00511-1, $30
Budget System and Concepts, FY2000, S/N 041-001-00516-1, $3
Budget on CD-ROM, Fiscal Year 2000, S/N 041-001-00517-0, $14
Citizen's Guide to the Federal Budget, FY2000, S/N 041-001-00515-3, $3.25
Historical Tables, FY2000, S/N 041-001-00514-5, $23
Budget Information for States, FY2000, S/N not assigned
Also see CRS Report 98-79 (pdf)C, Federal Funds: Tracking Their Geographic Distribution, by James R. Riehl.
Supporting budget documents, also available on the Internet, include the Federal Credit Supplement, Object Class Analysis, Object Class Analysis--Detail, and Balances of Budget Authority. Also accessible are spreadsheet files in .wk1 and .wk4 formats. (One can hold down the shift key and click on the title to download the spreadsheet file. The files can be viewed using most standard spreadsheet programs.)
Budget Amendments and Supplementals (OMB Budget Page)
http://www.gpo.gov/usbudget/fy2000/amndsup.html
General Explanation of the Administration's Revenue Proposals (also called the "Green Book"). The PDF version is 200+ pages and covers health, education, child care, revitalizing communities, energy efficiency and improving the environment, retirement savings, extending expiring provisions, simplifying tax laws, miscellaneous provisions, electricity restructuring, corporate tax shelters, financial products, corporate provisions, provisions affecting pass-through entities, tax accounting, cost recovery, insurance provisions, exempt organizations, estate and gift taxation, international, pensions, compliance, miscellaneous, and other provisions that affect receipts. Each section covers current law, reasons for change and the Administration's proposal. http://www.ustreas.gov/press/releases/grnbk99.htm
01/19/99 -- State of the Union Address and Background Material. Includes transcript and audio and video access to the State of the Union address. Background material covers the "millennium program, saving social security, livable communities, preserving our lands, climate change initiatives, global economy, 21st century schools, support for working families, health care and 21st century communities."
http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/SOTU99/
Statements of Administration Policy (SAPs)
Statements and veto indicators on appropriations and non-appropriations legislation
that is scheduled for House or Senate floor action. Covers the 105th and 106th
Congresses and can be searched by bill number, appropriations legislation, or
Appropriation subcommittees.
http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/legislative/sap/index.html
White House Virtual Library
Access to press releases, press briefings, radio addresses, executive orders, remarks,
statements, fact sheets, letters to Congress, announcements of appointments, and other
documents released by the White House.
http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/Welcome.html
Where Can I Find ... on the Internet?
Appropriations Status, CRS Products, and Legislation
Full-text FY1999, FY1998, and FY1997 Appropriation Bills, Reports, Laws:
http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/legislation/99appro.html
http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/legislation/98appro.html
http://www.house.gov/appropriations/97bills.htm
House and Senate Appropriations Committees Home Pages
http://www.house.gov/appropriations/
and
http://www.senate.gov/~appropriations/
Discretionary Appropriations (CBO). Estimates of discretionary appropriations budget authority and outlays. (Located at the bottom of the CBO Home Page under "Data Highlights.") http://www.cbo.gov/
Unauthorized Appropriations and Expiring Authorizations (CBO).
"The purpose of the report is to help the Congress adopt authorizing legislation that
should be in place before it considers the 13 regular appropriation bills for fiscal year
2000 (which begins October 1, 1999)."
http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1057&sequence=0&from=7
Congressional Offices: Use Legislative Information Service (LIS) for access to legislation and CRS analysis. http://www.congress.gov/
Public: Use THOMAS. http://thomas.loc.gov/
Library of Congress (LOC) Home Page http://www.loc.gov/
Budget, Debt, and Surplus Data
Budget Time Line
http://www.senate.gov/~budget/republican/reference/cliff_notes/cliffape.htm
Financial Management Service (U.S. Treasury)
Access to the Monthly Treasury Statement, Treasury Bulletin, and Annual Report of the U.S. Government. http://www.fms.treas.gov/fmsnews.html
Financial Statements of the U.S. Government
Access to federal financial statements for 1998 and prior years:
http://www.financenet.gov/docsstmt/ and http://fms.treas.gov/cfs/
President's Budget Documents
Economic Report of the President (Appendix B) contains extensive statistical tables on the economy, employment, population, income, and government finance. Historical Tables include detailed data on the budget, deficit, debt, composition of receipts and outlays, and outlays by agency and by budget enforcement category (mandatory and discretionary). Also included are outlays and budget authority by function and subfunction, data on Social Security, Medicare, health, and government employment. The Citizen's Guide to the Budget is a good source for tables, charts, and pie charts. http://www.gpo.gov/usbudget/
To search across budget documents on the Internet, go to:
http://www.gpo.gov/omb/omb005.html
House and Senate Budget Committees Home Pages
http://www.house.gov/budget/ and http://www.senate.gov/~budget/
Senate Budget Committee Majority Home Page, Budget Bulletins
http://www.senate.gov/~budget/republican/index.html
House Ways and Means Committee Home Page
Publishes the Green Book with background material and historical statistical data on the major entitlement programs, and this site provides Internet access in text, PDF, and book formats. http://www.house.gov/ways_means/
Senate Finance Committee Home Page http://www.senate.gov/~finance/
Congressional Budget Office (CBO) http://www.cbo.gov/
General Accounting Office (GAO) http://www.gao.gov/
Office of Management and Budget (OMB) http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/
"Debt to the Penny." The Bureau of the Debt provides daily
and historical data:
http://www.publicdebt.treas.gov/opd/opdpenny.htm
The gross federal debt as of 07/26/1999 was $5,636,525,745,471.93.
The debt as of 12/31/98 was $5,614,217,021,195.87.
The debt as of 9/30/98, the end of FY1998, was $5,526,193,008,897.62.
Debt Per Capita
To find the debt per capita, divide the debt by the population, using these two sites.
http://www.publicdebt.treas.gov/opd/opdpenny.htm
http://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/popclock
Federal Debt: Who Bears Its Burdens? CRS Issue Brief 92049 contains a two-page statistical table appendix showing federal debt, interest on the debt, deficits, and outlays and receipts in billions of dollars and as a percentage of GDP from 1980 to 2003 projections.
Federal Debt: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions -- An Update (GAO) is an " ... attempt to provide the information in a clear, concise and easily understandable manner for a nontechnical audience." http://www.gao.gov/new.items/cg99027.pdf GAO/OCG-99-27, 5/28/99.
CRS Report 98-96, Budget Surpluses: Economic Effects of Debt Repayment, Tax Cuts, or Spending: An Overview (6 p.) and CRS Report 98-346 (pdf), Budget Surpluses: Economic & Budget Effects of Using Them for Debt Repayment, Tax Cuts, or Spending (full-length version of the Overview, 29 p.)
Economic and Budget Outlook for Fiscal Years 2000-2009. Released by CBO on 1/29/99.
HTML: http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1059&sequence=0&from=7
PDF: http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=1059&type=1
Monthly Budget Review (CBO). Go to the end of the CBO Home Page to "Data Highlights." http://www.cbo.gov/
CRS Report 98-96, Budget Surpluses: Economic Effects of Debt Repayment, Tax Cuts, or Spending: An Overview (6 p.) and CRS Report 98-346 (pdf), Budget Surpluses: Economic & Budget Effects of Using Them for Debt Repayment, Tax Cuts, or Spending (full-length version of the Overview, 29 p.).
CRS Issue Brief 92049, Federal Debt: Who Bears Its Burdens? Contains a two-page statistical table appendix showing federal debt, interest on the debt, surplus/deficits, and outlays and receipts in billions of dollars and as a percentage of GDP from 1980 to 2003 projections.
FY1998 Surplus: On September 30, 1998, President Clinton announced a
projected budget surplus of $70 billion for FY1998, the largest dollar surplus in U.S.
history.
http://www.pub.whitehouse.gov/uri-res/I2R?urn:pdi://oma.eop.gov.us/1998/9/30/8.text.1
and
http://www.pub.whitehouse.gov/uri-res/I2R?urn:pdi://oma.eop.gov.us/1998/9/30/7.text.1
Surplus Projections. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO), an agency
of Congress, and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), an executive branch agency,
are the two government agencies which issue federal surplus/deficit projections. These
projections are included in the CBO publications the Economic and Budget Outlook
with updates, and its Monthly Budget Review. OMB projections are found in the
President's budget documents and in its Mid-Session Review.
http://www.cbo.gov
http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/budget/index.html
Deficits/Surpluses: Balanced Budgets--Historical. The last time, before FY1998, that there was a balanced budget or budget surplus, when receipts exceeded outlays, was FY1969 with a $3,242,000,000 surplus. Prior to FY1977, federal fiscal years began on July 1, and ended on June 30. President Lyndon Johnson was in office when FY1969 began on July 1, 1968, and President Richard Nixon began his term on January 20, 1969.
Cost Estimates of Legislation (CBO)
"CBO prepares cost estimates and mandates statements for all bills ordered
reported by a full committee of the Congress ... Unless listed separately,
intergovernmental and private-sector mandates statements for each bill are included in the
cost estimate." Search by bill number, word or phrase, committee, or budget function.
http://www.cbo.gov/cost.shtml
Glossaries of Appropriations and Budget Terms
http://www.senate.gov/~budget/republican/reference/cliff_notes/cliffapi.htm
Income and Poverty
http://www.census.gov/ftp/pub/hhes/income/histinc/index.html
Locating Agencies, Departments, and Programs in Appropriation Bills
"I'm looking for a particular program, but I don't know which appropriation bill
it's in."
http://www.senate.gov/~appropriations/jurisd.htm
Performance Plans
Information on executive departments annual performance plans required by the
Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 (P.L. 103-62) to
be filed with the department's Fiscal Year 2000 budget request are available at:
http://www.govexec.com/reinvent/results/plans.htm
Pie Charts, Graphs, and Tables
The Federal Dollar--Where It Comes From and Where It Goes
Includes charts and tables covering budget, deficit, debt, and economic data
http://www.access.gpo.gov/usbudget/fy2000/guidect.html
Financial Report to the Citizens. Released by the Financial Management Service, Department of the Treasury, 4/5/99. Includes an "easy-to-understand report on Federal finances ..." Contains charts and graphs presenting budgetary and economic data. http://www.fms.treas.gov/citizensreport/index.html
Economic and Social Statistics Briefing Rooms (Charts and Graphs)
Current economic and social statistics. Click on the graphic to enlarge it.
http://www.whitehouse.gov/fsbr/esbr.html
http://www.whitehouse.gov/fsbr/ssbr.html
Statements of Administration Policy (SAPs)
Statements and veto indicators on appropriations and non-appropriations legislation scheduled for House or Senate floor action. Covers the 105th and 106th Congresses and can be searched by bill number, by appropriations legislation, or by Appropriation subcommittees. http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/legislative/sap/index.html
Statistics
Fedstats
Federal statistics from 70 agencies searchable by keywords, subjects, agencies, and an A-Z index. Regional statistics also available. http://www.fedstats.gov/
Economic and Social Statistics Briefing Rooms (Charts and Graphs)
Current economic and social statistics. Click on the graphic if you want to enlarge it.
http://www.whitehouse.gov/fsbr/esbr.html
http://www.whitehouse.gov/fsbr/ssbr.html
Economic Clock (Census)
A-Z subject index includes the most recent economic, unemployment, income, and poverty data. http://www.census.gov/econ/www/
University of Michigan Statistics Center
Comprehensive coverage of national and international statistics.
http://www.lib.umich.edu/libhome/Documents.center/stats.html
Dismal Scientist
National, state, and local economic data, definitions, and analysis.
http://www.dismal.com/
White House
Today's Press Releases (Briefing Room)
http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/Welcome.html
Recently Released White House Documents
http://www.pub.whitehouse.gov/WH/Publications/html/Publications-plain.html
White House Documents by Category
http://www1.ai.mit.edu/search/white-house-publications
White House Virtual Library http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/Welcome.html
Cabinet http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/Cabinet/html/cabinet_links.html
Federal Agencies and Commissions
http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/Independent_Agencies/html/independent_links.html
White House Offices and Agencies
http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/EOP/html/EOP_org.html
Commonly Requested Federal Services
http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/Services/
Statements of Administration Policy (SAPs)
http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/legislative/sap/index.html
Addresses and Phone Numbers
Appropriations Committee, House, (202) 225-2771, H-218 Capitol Building, Washington, D.C. 20515-6015
Appropriations Committee, Senate, (202) 224-3471, S-128 Capitol Building, Washington, D.C. 20510-6025
Budget Committee, House, (202) 226-7270, 309 Cannon House Office Building, Washington, D.C. 20515-6065
Budget Committee, Senate, (202) 224-0642, 621 Dirksen Senate Office Building, Washington, D.C. 20510-6100
Bureau of the Census, Publications: (301) 457-4100, Federal Center, Suitland, MD 20233
Bureau of the Public Debt, (202) 219-3302, 999 E Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20239-0001
Congressional Budget Office (CBO), Publications: (202) 226-2809, 410 Ford House Office Building, Washington, D.C. 20515
Federal Reserve, Publications: (202) 452-3245, 20th and Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20551
General Accounting Office (GAO), Publications: Congressional offices: (202) 512-5388
Public: (202) 512-6000, P.O. Box 6015, Gaithersburg, MD 20884-6015
Government Printing Office (GPO), Publications: (202) 512-1800 or (202) 512-1808
Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954
Joint Committee on Taxation, (202) 225-3621, 1015 Longworth House Office Building, Washington, D.C. 20515-6675
Office of Management and Budget (OMB), (202) 395-3000, Old Executive Office Building, 17th and Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20503
Treasury Department, Publications: (202) 622-2970, 1500 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20220
White House, Publications: (202) 395-7332, 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20505
CRS Issue Briefs
CRS Issue Brief IB10017, The Budget for Fiscal Year 2000, by Philip D. Winters.
CRS Issue Brief IB93054, The Debt Limit, by Philip D. Winters.
CRS Issue Brief 92049, Federal Debt: Who Bears Its Burdens?, by William Cox.
CRS Reports
CRS Report 98-346 (pdf), Budget Surpluses: Economic and Budget Effects of Using Them for Debt Repayment, Tax Cuts or Spending (full-length version of overview listed below), by William Cox.
CRS Report 98-96, Budget Surpluses: Economic Effects of Debt Repayment, Tax Cuts, or Spending: An Overview, by William Cox.
CRS Report 98-199, Budget FY1999: A Chronology with Internet Access, by Mary Frances Bley.
CRS Report RS20078 (pdf), Congressional Budget Office: Appointment and Tenure of the Director, by Robert Keith and Mary Frances Bley.
CRS Report RS20095 (pdf), The Congressional Budget Process: A Brief Overview, by James V. Saturno.
CRS Report 96-963, Current Economic Conditions and Selected Forecasts, by Gail E. Makinen.
CRS Report RL30002 (pdf), Defense Budget Primer, by Mary T. Tyszkiewicz and Stephen Daggett.
CRS Report RL30239 (pdf), Economic Forecasts and the Budget, by Brian W. Cashell.
CRS Report RL30236 (pdf), H.R. 853, The Comprehensive Budget Process Reform Act: Summary of Provisions, by James V. Saturno.
CRS Report 98-721, Introduction to the Federal Budget Process, by Robert Keith.
CRS Report RS20161, Kosovo Military Operations: Costs and Congressional Action on Funding, by Stephen Daggett.
CRS Report 98-720, Manual on the Federal Budget Process, by Robert Keith.
CRS Report RS20107, Middle East: U.S. Foreign Aid -- Wye Agreement Funding and the Request for FY2000, by Clyde Mark.
CRS Report RL30223 (pdf), Presidential Rescission Authority: Efforts to Modify the 1974 Framework, by Virginia A. McMurtry.
CRS Report RL30044, Proposed Budget Process Reforms in the Senate: A Brief Analysis of Senate Resolutions 4, 5, 6, and 8, by James V. Saturno.
CRS Report 98-422, Social Security and the Federal Budget: What Does Social Security's Being "Off Budget" Mean?, by David Stuart Koitz.
CRS Report RL30083, Supplemental Appropriations for FY1999: Central America Disaster Aid, Middle East Peace, and Other Initiatives, by Larry Nowels.
CRS Report RS20065 (pdf), Surpluses and Federal Debt, by Philip D. Winters.
CRS Report RS20182 (pdf), Suspension of Budget Enforcement Procedures During Hostilities Abroad, by Robert Keith.
CRS Reports Home
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